Taekwondo Competition

Also known as gyoroogi, this is the most familiar type of taekwondo competition and is included in the Olympic Games: two people, wearing protective gear (one red, the other blue), use a variety of skills for attack and defense. Training for sparring is an excellent way to become more comfortable with applying techniques against a real person in addition to improving mobility, timing, and adaptability.

Overview: Olympic taekwondo matches are arranged by weight and gender. The time allotted for a match is three three-minute rounds, with a one minute rest between rounds. One referee observes the competitors and ensures the rules are followed and assign deductions for rule infractions. Four corner judges award points using an electronic hand-held system. The winner is the competitor with the most points at the end of the match. Local taekwondo matches follow the same general format separating competitors by weight, gender, age, and rank. There are usually one to two rounds of one- to three-minutes duration depending upon the tournament.

Protective Equipment: Competitors must wear headgear, mouthpiece, forearm pads, athletic cup, shin pads, and chest protector. Rule revisions allow for more points being awarded for punches to the body.

Basic Rules: Kicks are allowed to the torso and head. Punches are allowed to the torso. Kicks below the belt and strikes with any part of the hand other than the knuckles are not allowed. Points are awarded for solid kicks and punches to valid target areas as long as the attacker stays on their feel (i.e., no falling down).

Poomsae, competition is becoming a much more popular type of competition around the world. Forms are pre-arranged movements performed in sequence. Although no other person is involved, the techniques must be precise, fluid, and powerful. Forms training either alone or in a group is excellent low impact exercise for improving balance and coordination.

Overview: Poomsae involves the demonstration of a form in front of a judging panel. Upon the completion of the form, the panel awards a score. The person with the highest score is declared the winner. Poomse competition is growing in popularity around the world in its own world championships and the world university games.

Basic Rules: Competitors are divided by rank and age and must perform a form appropriate for a given rank. There is also a team competition as well as creative poomse at some competitions.

Kyukpa is a more recent addition to the competitive landscape of taekwondo. Breaking is an activity that has always been in the martial arts as a true test of skill and power. Requirements for breaking include degree of difficulty, precision, power, speed, and creativity. Board breaking is a visually exciting, rewarding, and satisfying challenge.

Overview: Breaking involves breaking one or more pieces of material (wood boards, re-breakable boards, and/or bricks or other material) using the parts of the human body usually hands, feet, and forearms.

Type of Techniques: Breaking competition includes a variety of kicking and striking techniques including:
      • single;
      • multiple;
      • standing;
      • jumping;
      • aerospinning;
      • multiple aerial.

Key elements: Breaking requires proper technique, power, speed, precision, and flexibility.

Hoshinsul can also be called “arranged sparring” and is a more recent type of competition event. Two or more people demonstrate pre-arranged self-defense techniques and/or situations against ‘attackers’ and demonstrate various ways to defend themselves. This is a very exciting type of competition that can be very creative.

IMPORTANT:    Prearranged sparring is an important requirement for black belt exams. MSMAP considers this aspect of taekwondo as an essential component to improving the overall skill-set and mental awareness of martial artists. In other words, it opens up the possibilities for techniques and combinations.

Sparring training prepares the participant for competition combat and involves the key elements listed below. Each element is a challenge by itself. But, when they are combined together, the results of diligent training are truly phenomenal.

KICKING. Drills reinforce clean movement, accuracy, speed, and power. Combinations of two and more kicks in quick succession are considered basic components. More advanced teens and adults kick towards head level.

FOOTWORK. Greatly overlaps with kicking drills as kicks require efficient movement from one spot to another to be effective. Footwork drills reinforce quickness with balance.

POSITION. This topic relates to the distance and leg position relative to an opponent. It helps to clarify which leg to use (front or rear), if footwork is required to close or create distance, and how solid is the defensive stance relative to the opponent’s position.

STRATEGY. This brings all the above topics together into a useful plan of action based upon the skills and preferences of each opponent. Taekwondo sparring is sometimes compared to a chess match with attacks, counterattacks, defensive movements, and more. Taekwondo sparring is not hammering an opponent without thought and hoping for the best; it is leveraging intelligence and confidence to apply effective techniques at a good target at the right time.

FITNESS & CONDITIONING. Physical fitness is a requirement to fully enjoy sparring and the thrill of one-on-one combat.

RULES. Rules, etiquette, and scoring are introduced and continually reviewed.